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MythosJedi wrote:

Could you please explain what that last part is supposed to mean then?

In the second combat damage step, surviving attackers and blockers that didn't assign combat damage in the first step, plus any creatures with double strike, assign their combat damage.-

let's walk through it...

the first part defines where it's applicable
ie "In the second combat damage step,"

the next phrase defines a set of creatures
ie "surviving attackers and blockers that didn't assign combat damage in the first step"

the next phrase adds more creatures to the previous set
ie "plus any creatures with double strike"

the final phrase defines what this set of creature does
ie "assign their combat damage."

so now that is the set of creatures that can assign their damage in the second combat damage step...

the other rule (310.2) is a catch-all rule that explains how all creatures assign their damage.

so Double Strike notwithstanding, a creature without first strike or double strike that did not deal damage in the first combat damage step can now assign damage (as can a creature with Double Strike) but how can they assign the damage?

are they blocked?
if no, they can assign it to the player/planeswalker they are attacking
if yes, they can assign it to the blocking creatures (if any are remaining)
note: a creature remains blocked even if he no longer has any creatures blocking it

310.2c clearly explains what happens when a blocked creature is to assign damage but it has no blocking creatures to assign it to.

example

I attack with a creature, you block it with you creature, then before damage is assigned you bounce it to your hand with unsummon. What happens?

my creature was blocked and remains blocked but has no blocking creature to assign damage to so it does not assign damage (unless it has Trample)
per 310.2c

this means if my blocked attacking creature had Lifelink, it doesn't trigger because my creature assigned no damage.